Layer 2 Networks and the Scaling Roadmap

Rollups, validity proofs and why scaling moved off the base layer.

Why base layers stay small

A base chain optimised for decentralisation cannot also maximise throughput. The design answer is to settle compressed batches of activity from faster networks on top.

Optimistic versus zero-knowledge

Optimistic rollups assume validity and allow challenges within a window. Zero-knowledge rollups prove validity cryptographically and settle faster, at higher proving cost.

What to watch

Sequencer decentralisation, withdrawal delays and bridge design determine how much residual trust a layer 2 actually requires.

Key takeaways

• Why base layers stay small: A base chain optimised for decentralisation cannot also maximise throughput.
• Optimistic versus zero-knowledge: Optimistic rollups assume validity and allow challenges within a window.
• What to watch: Sequencer decentralisation, withdrawal delays and bridge design determine how much residual trust a layer 2 actually requires.

Risk disclosure

This article is educational content published by Vaultero Capital and is not investment advice, a recommendation, or an offer to buy or sell any asset. Digital assets are highly volatile and you may lose some or all of the capital you commit. Projected or historical returns are not a reliable indicator of future performance. Consider your objectives, time horizon and tolerance for loss, and seek independent professional advice where appropriate. Full terms are set out in our risk disclosure.